The lesson examines how, during the interwar period, the revolutionary momentum of the avant-gardes largely faded, giving way to a return to more traditional artistic forms. In this context, the Novecento movement emerges as a reaction to abstract art and the frenzy of modernism, aiming to reconnect with figuration and tradition. However, there are also elements of innovation: artists like Giorgio de Chirico, with his Metaphysics, and the leading figures of Surrealism, including Joan Miró, René Magritte, Max Ernst, and Salvador Dalí, explored the unconscious and dreams, pushing artistic research beyond the boundaries of logic and reality.